Abstract This article explores the historical rise and multifaceted dominance of the US dollar, tracing its evolution from a national currency to a global economic and political instrument. Backed by America’s economic might, military power, institutional stability, and technological leadership, the dollar has long stood at the center of the international financial system. It examines Read more
Continue Reading
by Mohamed Ibrahim The 1997 National Security Concept of Russia identified Russia as an “influential European and Asian power” and recommended that Russia maintain an equal distance in relations with global European and Asian economic and political actors, while the 2000 Foreign Policy Concept referred to the Russian Federation as its “superpower.” Responsibility for maintaining Read more
Continue Readingby David Mednicoff* The international crisis over whether top Saudi Arabian leadership murdered U.S.-based Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi is a striking example of the consequences of Donald Trump’s blanket disregard for democratic politics and human rights in other countries. This departure from decades of American foreign policy rhetoric remains comparatively undiscussed. However, in the Middle East, Read more
Continue Reading
Why Land Routes Build Empires Trace the yellow line from Xi’an to Tehran, and you are not merely looking at a modern infrastructure project—you are witnessing the resurrection of an ancient truth that shaped civilizations for two millennia. Throughout history, the great cities of the Silk Road did not rise because of what lay beneath Read more
Continue Reading
In the frantic coverage of breaking news from the Middle East, Western media often focuses on the visible: missile trajectories, diplomatic statements, and strategic calculations. When reports emerged that Pakistan’s Field Marshal Asim Munir would meet Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi in Tehran—reportedly carrying a message from American officials—the headlines centered on geopolitical maneuvering. What Read more
Continue Reading
By Ahmed E. Souaiaia, PhD The prevailing narrative from the Trump administration—that the surge in energy prices following U.S. and Israeli military attack on Iran is merely a “temporary” anomaly—fails to account for the fundamental laws of complex systems. By viewing the conflict through a linear lens (Action → Reaction → Resolution), policymakers have overlooked Read more
Continue Reading
Asymmetric Endurance Abstract In the contemporary landscape of geopolitical conflict, the disparity between conventional military power and asymmetric resistance has necessitated the evolution of strategic doctrines that prioritize endurance over immediate victory. This article examines the Iranian strategic framework known as “Mosaic Defense,” analyzing its structural and theoretical alignment with the classical principles of protracted Read more
Continue Reading
The Paradox of Power By Ahmed Souaiaia In the annals of modern conflict, a persistent fallacy plagues the strategic calculus of superpowers: the belief that kinetic dominance equates to political victory. As the United States and Israel engage in escalated hostilities against Iran, the Trump administration faces a stark reality that transcends the battlefield. While Read more
Continue Reading
How the Iran Nuclear Pretext Reveals a Broader Agenda of Coercion In the annals of modern geopolitical theater, few phrases carry as much ironic baggage as “mission accomplished.” Eight months after the United States launched airstrikes on Iranian nuclear facilities under the codename “Operation Midnight Hammer,” President Donald Trump finds himself in a rhetorical loop: Read more
Continue Reading
In a striking illustration of instrumentalism and moral fluidity, a recent 60 Minutes segment aired by CBS News introduces the world to Ahmed al-Sharaa — a man once buried in the shadows of terrorism, now stepping into the light of political legitimacy. Just decades ago, al-Sharaa was a senior member of al-Qaeda who went by Read more
Continue Reading